Ozempic: Uses, Side Effects, Availability

Ozempic has taken the world by storm, generating significant buzz for its role in weight loss. While it’s crucial to acknowledge this aspect, it’s equally important to understand its primary function as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. This comprehensive guide delves into the various facets of Ozempic, exploring its mechanism of action, approved uses, effectiveness for weight loss, potential side effects, and other essential information.

What is Ozempic?

Ozempic is the brand name for semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 for use in adults with type 2 diabetes. Ozempic is administered as a once-weekly injection, working to lower blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes and known heart disease.  

How Does Ozempic Work?

Ozempic mimics the effects of GLP-1, a natural hormone that plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar levels and appetite.  

It works by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas when blood sugar levels are high. This helps the body use sugar more effectively. Ozempic also lowers the secretion of glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. By reducing glucagon secretion, Ozempic further helps to keep blood sugar levels stable.  

Another way Ozempic works is by slowing gastric emptying, which means it delays the rate at which food leaves the stomach. This can help you feel fuller for longer and reduce your overall appetite. Additionally, Ozempic influences the areas of the brain that regulate appetite and food intake. This can lead to a decrease in cravings and a reduced desire to eat.  

Approved Uses of Ozempic

Ozempic is FDA-approved for the following uses:

• Improving blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes: Ozempic is used alongside diet and exercise to help manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.  
• Lowering the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: This includes heart attack, stroke, or death in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease.  
• Reducing the risk of kidney disease complications: Ozempic helps protect kidney function in adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, lowering the risk of kidney disease worsening, kidney failure, and cardiovascular death.  

Ozempic for Weight Loss

While not explicitly approved for weight loss, Ozempic can contribute to significant weight reduction. This is a secondary effect of its main function of regulating blood sugar. The weight loss effects are primarily due to Ozempic’s ability to slow digestion, reduce appetite, and influence the brain’s appetite regulation.  

Effectiveness for Weight Loss

Studies have shown that Ozempic can lead to substantial weight loss in individuals with obesity. In one trial, participants taking 1 mg of semaglutide weekly, along with lifestyle modifications, lost an average of 7% of their body weight over 68 weeks. Another trial showed that those taking the highest dose of semaglutide (2.4 mg), combined with lifestyle changes, lost an average of 15% of their body weight. It’s important to note that Ozempic is most effective for weight loss when used in conjunction with a healthy diet and regular exercise.  

Potential Side Effects

Like any medication, Ozempic can cause side effects. The most common ones are gastrointestinal in nature.  

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

These side effects are usually mild to moderate and tend to subside as your body adjusts to the medication. Some common gastrointestinal side effects include:  

• Nausea  
• Diarrhea  
• Vomiting  
• Stomach pain  
• Constipation  
• Heartburn  

One unique side effect reported by some users is “Ozempic burps,” which are characterized by a sulfur-like smell or taste. This is thought to be caused by a buildup of sulfur in the gut due to slowed digestion.  

Ozempic Face

“Ozempic face” is a term used to describe the facial changes that can occur with rapid weight loss, particularly when using GLP-1 medications like Ozempic. It’s characterized by a gaunt or hollowed-out appearance due to the loss of facial fat. While not a serious health risk, it can be a cosmetic concern for some individuals.  

Other Potential Side Effects

While less common, Ozempic may also cause more serious side effects, such as:

• Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)  
• Gallbladder problems  
• Kidney problems  
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)  
• Changes in vision  
• Serious allergic reactions  
• Increased risk of thyroid tumors  

It’s crucial to contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of these side effects.

Fatigue

Fatigue is another potential side effect of Ozempic. This may be due to the medication’s effects on blood sugar levels, reduced calorie intake, or other factors. For most people, fatigue is temporary and tends to improve within the first three months of use.  

Who Should Not Take Ozempic?

Ozempic is not suitable for everyone. You should not take Ozempic if you:

• Have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)  
• Have an endocrine system condition called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2)  
• Are allergic to semaglutide or any of the ingredients in Ozempic  

Additionally, individuals with a history of pancreatitis, kidney problems, or vision problems should discuss the risks and benefits of Ozempic with their healthcare provider.  

Ozempic vs Wegovy

Ozempic and Wegovy are both brand names for semaglutide, but they have some key differences. Ozempic is approved for treating type 2 diabetes and is often prescribed “off-label” for weight loss. Wegovy, on the other hand, is specifically approved for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or those who are overweight with at least one weight-related health condition.  

Another difference lies in the dosage. Wegovy is available in higher doses than Ozempic, with the maximum dose being 2.4 mg once weekly. Ozempic has a maximum dose of 2 mg once weekly. This difference in dosage reflects their distinct purposes.  

Insurance coverage also varies between the two medications. Ozempic is more likely to be covered by insurance for diabetes management, while Wegovy coverage for weight loss often depends on specific plan criteria.  

Off-label Use for Type 1 Diabetes

While Ozempic is not FDA-approved for type 1 diabetes, some research suggests it may be beneficial in reducing insulin reliance for individuals with this condition. However, this is considered “off-label” use and requires careful consideration of potential risks and benefits.  

Availability and Prescription

Ozempic is a prescription medication available at pharmacies and through licensed online platforms. To get a prescription, you’ll need to consult with a licensed healthcare provider, who will assess your eligibility based on your health condition and medical history. You can find Ozempic locally by searching online, checking pharmacy websites, or using online search tools to locate nearby pharmacies that carry the medication.  

To find doctors who prescribe Ozempic, you can use resources like the Obesity Medicine Association’s provider directory, which lists healthcare professionals specializing in obesity medicine.  

Cost and Financial Assistance

Ozempic can be expensive, with costs varying depending on insurance coverage and pharmacy pricing. However, several options can help make it more affordable:  

Proper Use and Storage

Ozempic is administered as a once-weekly injection using a pre-filled pen. It’s essential to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider and the pen’s user manual for proper administration. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to use the Ozempic pen:  

1. Read the Instructions for Use and Important Safety Information before using the pen.
2. Read the label to check that your pen contains Ozempic. Make sure that the Ozempic medicine in your pen is clear and colorless.
3. Select your dose. Turn the dose selector until the dose counter shows the dose you need to inject.
4. Attach a new needle. Tear off the paper tab from the needle. Push and turn the needle onto the pen until it is tight.
5. Pull off both needle caps.
6. Insert the needle into your skin.
7. Press and hold down the dose button until the dose counter shows 0.
8. Keep the needle in your skin after the dose counter has returned to 0 and count slowly to 6.
9. Remove the needle from your skin.
10. Carefully remove the needle and place it in a sharps container.
11. Put the pen cap back on the pen.

Storage Instructions

• Unopened pens: Store in the refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C).  
• Opened pens: Store for up to 8 weeks at room temperature between 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C) or in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C).  
• Do not freeze Ozempic.  

Click Method for Dosing

The “click method” involves counting the audible clicks when turning the dose selector on the Ozempic pen to adjust the dosage. However, it’s important to note that the manufacturer, Novo Nordisk, does not recommend this method as the accuracy of the dose cannot be guaranteed.  

Travel Tips

When traveling with Ozempic, consider these tips:

• Keep Ozempic in your carry-on luggage to avoid extreme temperatures.  
• Use an insulated travel case or cooler to maintain the appropriate temperature.  
• Protect Ozempic from direct sunlight and excessive heat.  
• When traveling by air, be aware of TSA regulations. You’ll need to declare your medication and place it in a clear plastic bag for security screening.  

Comparison to Other Medications

Ozempic is often compared to other medications, including:

Phentermine

Phentermine is an appetite suppressant that stimulates the central nervous system. It’s typically prescribed for short-term weight loss. While phentermine may provide quicker weight loss initially, Ozempic offers a more sustainable approach with potential benefits for blood sugar control and cardiovascular health.  

Byetta

Byetta (exenatide) is another GLP-1 receptor agonist used to treat type 2 diabetes. However, it requires twice-daily injections, while Ozempic is administered once weekly.  

Ozempic and Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Ozempic can be taken after bariatric surgery, including gastric sleeve surgery, to help patients lose weight that they may regain. Studies suggest that Ozempic is safe and effective for weight loss in individuals who have previously undergone bariatric surgery.  

It’s important to be aware of the potential risks of using Ozempic before surgery, particularly with regard to anesthesia. Ozempic can slow gastric emptying, which may increase the risk of aspiration (inhaling stomach contents) during surgery. If you are planning to undergo surgery and are taking Ozempic, inform your surgeon and anesthesiologist about your medication use. They can advise you on the appropriate steps to take to minimize any potential risks.  

Conclusion

Ozempic is a valuable medication for managing type 2 diabetes and reducing associated cardiovascular and kidney risks. Its ability to promote weight loss has garnered significant attention, but it’s crucial to remember that Ozempic is not solely a weight loss drug. It’s primarily intended for individuals with type 2 diabetes.

While Ozempic can be an effective tool for weight loss, it’s important to emphasize that it’s most successful when combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. It’s not a quick fix and should be part of a comprehensive weight management plan. Additionally, weight regain is common after stopping Ozempic, highlighting the need for long-term lifestyle changes to maintain weight loss.  

The widespread off-label use of Ozempic for weight loss has raised ethical concerns and contributed to medication shortages, impacting individuals with diabetes who rely on this medication.  

If you’re considering Ozempic for weight loss or diabetes management, consult with your healthcare provider to determine if it’s the right choice for you. They can assess your health status, discuss potential risks and benefits, and guide you on proper usage and dosage.